Common concepts of textile:
1. Warp direction, warp yarn, warp yarn density-the length direction of the fabric; this direction yarn is called warp yarn; the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is warp density (warp yarn density);
2. Weft direction, weft yarn, weft yarn density-the width direction of the fabric; this direction yarn is called weft yarn, and the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is the weft density (weft yarn density);
3. Density-used to indicate the number of yarns per unit length of the woven fabric, generally the number of yarns within 1 inch or 10 cm Textile companies are still used to expressing the density of yarn within 1 inch. As commonly seen, "45X45 / 108X58" means that the warp and weft yarns are 45 counts respectively, and the warp and weft densities are 108 and 58.
4. Width-the effective width of the fabric, generally used to be expressed in inches or centimeters, common are 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, etc., which are called narrow width, medium width and wide width, respectively, higher than 60 Inch fabrics are extra-wide fabrics, often called wide fabrics. The width of extra-wide fabrics in China today can reach 360 cm. The width is generally marked behind the density. For example, the fabric mentioned in 3 is expressed as "45X45 / 108X58 / 60" if the width is added. That is, the width is 60 inches.
5. Gram weight-The gram weight of the fabric is generally the gram weight of the square meter fabric. The gram weight is an important technical indicator for knitted fabrics. Woollen woolen fabrics usually also take the gram weight as an important technical indicator. The weight of denim fabric is generally expressed in "ounces (OZ)", that is, the number of ounces per square yard of fabric weight, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc .;
6. Yarn-dyed-Japan calls it "first dyed fabric", which refers to the process of dyeing yarn or filaments and then using colored yarn to weave. This kind of fabric is called "dyed fabric". Weaving factories are generally called dyeing and weaving factories, such as denim, and most shirt fabrics are dyed fabrics;
Classification methods of textile fabrics:
1. Classification according to different processing methods
(1) Woven fabric: a fabric made of yarns that are arranged perpendicular to each other, that is, horizontal and vertical systems, interwoven on a loom according to certain rules. There are denim, brocade, board, linen, etc.
(2) Knitted fabric: a fabric formed by weaving yarn into loops, divided into weft knitting and warp knitting. a. The weft-knitted fabric is made by feeding the weft thread into the working needle of the knitting machine from the weft direction, so that the yarns are sequentially bent into loops, and they are inter-threaded. b. Warp-knitted fabric is a group or several groups of parallel arranged yarns, which are formed into loops on all working needles fed into the knitting machine in the warp direction at the same time.
(3) Non-woven fabric: the loose fibers are bonded or stitched. At present, two methods of bonding and puncturing are mainly used. Using this processing method can greatly simplify the process, reduce costs, improve labor productivity, and has broad development prospects.
2. Classification according to the raw materials of the yarn constituting the fabric
(1) Pure textiles: The raw materials used to construct fabrics all use the same fiber, including cotton fabrics, wool fabrics, silk fabrics, polyester fabrics, etc.
(2) Blended fabrics: The raw materials constituting the fabric are made of two or more different types of fibers, which are blended into yarns. There are polyester-viscose, polyester-acrylic, polyester-cotton and other blended fabrics.
(3) Mixed fabric: the raw material of the fabric is made of single yarns of two fibers, which are combined into strands. There are low-elastic polyester filaments and medium-long mixed, and there are also polyester staple fibers and low Stranded polyester filaments are mixed to form strands, etc.
(4). Interwoven fabrics: the raw materials constituting the two-directional system of the fabric are made of different fiber yarns respectively, there are antique satin interwoven with silk rayon, Nifu spinning interwoven with nylon and rayon.
3. Classified according to whether the raw materials constituting the fabric are dyed
(1), white fabric: raw fabric without bleaching and dyeing is processed into fabric, also known as raw fabric in silk weaving.
(2) Color fabrics: fabrics made of raw materials or fancy threads after bleaching and dyeing are processed, and silk weaving is also known as cooked goods fabrics.
4. Classification of novel fabrics
(1) Adhesive cloth: It is made of two pieces of cloth back to back. Bonded cloth organic fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, vinyl plastic films, etc., can also be combined in different ways.
(2) Flocking processing cloth: The cloth is covered with short and dense fiber fluff, which has a velvet style and can be used as clothing and decorative materials.
(3) Foam plastic laminated fabric: it is the foam plastic adhered to the woven fabric or knitted fabric as the base fabric, which is mostly used as cold-proof clothing.
(4) Coated fabric: The base fabric of woven fabric or knitted fabric is coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), neoprene, etc., and has excellent waterproof function.
