Yarn is a continuous linear object made of various textile fibers. It is thin and soft, and has the basic properties required for textile processing and final product use. Yarn is mainly used for weaving woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics and some non-woven fabrics, and a small part directly exists in the form of linear textiles, such as various sewing threads, plush threads, embroidery threads, thread ropes and other miscellaneous threads .
Yarn is divided according to raw material varieties:
1. Pure spinning yarn
Pure spun yarns are composed of the same fiber, such as pure cotton yarn, wool yarn, viscose fiber yarn, acrylic yarn, polyester yarn, nylon yarn and so on.
2. Blended (blended fiber) yarn
Blended or twisted yarn is a yarn composed of two or more fibers, such as polyester / cotton blended yarn, wool / polyester blended yarn, wool / acrylic blended yarn, polyester / viscified / nitrile blended yarn , Silk / cotton yarn twisted yarn, etc. There are two types of staple fiber yarns mixed with more than two types of staple fibers, which are called blended yarns; and a yarn made of a combination (such as twisting) of more than two types of filament yarns is called mixed fiber yarns. The blending example is as follows:
Xa = Wa / W * 100% where Xa is the content of a certain component fiber
Wa is the weight of the fiber
W is the weight of the blended yarn
According to the physical properties and usage characteristics of the yarn, it can be divided into seven series
Series 1. Staple fiber yarn
Staple fiber yarn is a yarn made by various short fibers as a raw material through a spinning process. Usually, the short fiber is first spun into a single yarn through the short fiber yarn forming system, and then several single yarns are combined and twisted to form a strand, and if several strands are further combined and twisted, it becomes a double twist Strands, strands are used a lot on wool fabrics. Which form of single yarn, strands and double twisted strands is used in the fabric depends on the design requirements and use characteristics of the fabric.
Series two, continuous filament yarn (filament or silk)
1. Silk filament yarn
Taking the cocoon silk on silk cocoons as raw materials, the continuous filaments obtained by the composite bundling of multiple cocoon silks through the silk reeling process are called cocoon filament filament yarns, because they contain sericin, commonly known as raw silk and factory silk. Several filaments are combined and twisted to form a silk thread, both with glue and degummed. Silk filament is an important raw material for the silk industry and is mainly used for processing various types of silk fabrics.
2. Chemical fiber filament yarn
Chemical fiber filament yarn is bundled into yarn at the time of fiber formation. It does not need to gather fibers into yarn through short fiber spinning process like chemical staple fiber, and then weave into various fabrics. Compared with the former, the production efficiency of the former is high, and despite the fact that filament yarns and spun yarns made of the same kind of fibers are very different in style.
The fiber-forming polymer forms a continuous thread through the spinneret. The number of fibers contained in the thread depends on the number of spinnerets on the spinneret. The single-hole spinneret produces single-hole filament yarn. (Commonly known as glass yarn), that is, single-hole yarn, it can be used to weave fabrics with strong transparency. The filament yarn made with a multi-hole spinneret is called multifilament filament yarn, abbreviated as multifilament yarn. After twisting the multifilament filament yarn, a twisted filament yarn is formed. Several twisted filament yarns are combined and twisted to form a strand. Because the strand is composed of filaments, it is also called Double twisted yarn.
Series three, strand
Yarns formed by aggregating two or more single yarns by means of merging and twisting are called strands, or yarns for short. If necessary, multiple strands can also be gathered and twisted to form another yarn. Such yarns are called double twisted strands. The single yarn used to form the strands can be spun yarn or filament yarn; it can be of the same fiber raw material or different fiber raw materials, can be the same as spun yarn, or can be different .
Series 4: Filament / staple composite yarn composed of combination of staple fiber and filament yarn
In composite yarns formed by bundling staple fibers and filament yarns, the typical product is a core-spun yarn, which is generally composed of two different fibers. The formation of the coating may be that the filament fibers are coated on the core of the staple fiber. It may also be that the short fiber is coated on the filament yarn core, and the product made by this yarn forming method has the characteristics of each component fiber and can obtain a special appearance effect. For example, polyester / cotton core yarn is used to weave burnt-out fabrics. When the cotton fibers in the fabric (pattern part) wrapped outside the polyester filament yarns are acid digested, only the polyester yarn core skeleton (polyester fibers) remains Stable performance in acid solution), so that a three-dimensional pattern can be formed on the surface of the fabric; for another example, if elastic filament is used as the inner core, the cotton fiber is wrapped around it, and woven with such yarn The fabric has a comfortable touch and elasticity. With the improvement of spinning technology, the combination of short fibers and filament fibers into yarns has also formed a combination of parallel twisting of filament yarns and staple fibers, which can provide both filament yarns and staple yarns. The style characteristics are suitable for taking into account the respective advantages of different fibers and different aggregate forms.
Series 5. Fancy yarn
The application of fancy yarn or fancy yarn is mainly based on decorative effect. It is usually to twist and combine irregularly with staple fiber yarn or filament yarn to make the yarn obtain discontinuous and periodic patterns. . Fancy yarns are generally composed of core threads, trim threads and consolidation threads, and require special processing equipment or special processes to make them. Common fancy yarns are: (1) Pimple County, (2) Spiral Flower Thread, (3) Slub Flower Thread, (4) Terry Flower Thread, (5) Knot Flower Thread, (6) Rope Yarn , (7) diamond-shaped metal strands and so on. Various types of fancy yarns can be formed into a variety of styles according to their raw material composition, appearance, feel and yarn thickness, and are widely used in clothing, decorative fabrics and hand-knitted threads.
Series 6, textured yarn
Yarn made of ordinary chemical fibers lacks bulkiness and covering performance, and it is difficult to achieve soft and elastic clothing requirements; however, chemical fibers, especially synthetic fibers, have the characteristics of adjustable control of structural properties, and full use can get a lot New style products, textured yarns are. The processing principle is a kind of yarn with high bulkiness and elasticity, which is made by plasticizing deformation characteristics of synthetic fiber after being heated.
There are two forms of the formed yarn, one is the staple fiber yarn mainly for the pursuit of bulkiness, referred to as bulked yarn. Its characteristics are bulky, soft and soft, and have a high degree of compression elasticity, such as acrylic expanded staple fiber yarn; the other is the chemical fiber filament yarn, which is mainly for the pursuit of stretch elasticity, referred to as elastic yarn, which acts under a small load. It can have large elongation deformation and deformation recovery ability under the bottom. According to the elastic deformation capacity of elastic yarn, it is divided into high elastic yarn and low elastic yarn. High elastic yarn mainly uses nylon filament as the raw material, has large elasticity and elasticity, and has good covering performance. It is suitable for making bodysuits, sweaters, etc. Spandex is mainly made of polyester filament, and a few are made of polypropylene, nylon and other synthetic fibers. It has a certain ability to stretch and deform, but it is far lower than high elastic yarn. It basically provides the appearance of ordinary filament yarn, but Soft touch, can be used as ordinary clothing. In addition, there are some textured yarns (such as air textured yarns) made by other texturing methods. Most of them are used to imitate certain characteristics of natural fibers to make up for the appearance, texture, durability, etc. of ordinary synthetic fiber clothing. Deficiencies.
